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Font: S M L | Print By: 2008-6-02 15:11 Author: manroad From: WikiLIB_SINOLOGY

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Papua New Guinea}}{{#if: 
 {{#ifapua New Guinea
  New Britain
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{{#if: 
  {{#ifeq:{{#switch:default
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}}|black}}

设定和用法 区域 
 }}:
{{#if: 
  {{#ifeq:{{#switch:default
white=white 白=white default=white Default=white yellow=yellow 黄=yellow Afro-Asiatic=yellow Afro-asiatic=yellow 亚非语系=yellow 亞非語系=yellow 闪含语系=yellow 閃含語系=yellow yellowgreen=yellowgreen 黄绿=yellowgreen Altaic=yellowgreen 阿尔泰语系=yellowgreen 阿爾泰語系=yellowgreen lightblue=lightblue 浅蓝=lightblue American=lightblue 美洲土著语言=lightblue 美洲土著語言=lightblue orchid=#eba9ee 淡紫=#eba9ee Australian=#eba9ee 南方语系=#eba9ee 南方語系=#eba9ee lightcoral=lightcoral Austroasiatic=lightcoral Austro-Asiatic=lightcoral Austro-asiatic=lightcoral 南亚语系=lightcoral 南亞語系=lightcoral tomato=pink Austronesian=pink 南岛语系=pink 南島語系=pink Caucasian=lightgreen 高加索语系=lightgreen 高加索語系=lightgreen pink=tomato 粉=tomato black=black 黑=black Conlang=black conlang=black constructed language=black 人工语言=black 人工語言=black 人造语言=black 人造語言=black Creole=tan creole=tan 克里奥尔语=tan 克里奧爾語=tan 混合语=tan 混合語=tan mediumspringgreen=mediumspringgreen Dravidian=mediumspringgreen 德拉维达语系=mediumspringgreen 德拉維達語系=mediumspringgreen 达罗毗荼语系=mediumspringgreen 達羅毗荼語系=mediumspringgreen lightcyan=lightcyan 淡青=lightcyan Eskimo-Aleut=lightcyan 爱斯基摩-阿留申语系=lightcyan 愛斯基摩-阿留申語系=lightcyan Hmong-Mien=#ff0033 苗瑶语系=#ff0033 苗瑶語系=#ff0033 lawngreen=lawngreen 草绿=lawngreen Indo-European=lawngreen 印欧语系=lawngreen 印歐語系=lawngreen #dddddd=#dddddd isolate=#dddddd language isolate=#dddddd Isolate=#dddddd 孤立语言=#dddddd 孤立語言=#dddddd 语系不明=#dddddd 語系不明=#dddddd goldenrod=goldenrod Khoisan=goldenrod 科依桑语系=goldenrod 科依桑語系=goldenrod Mixed=tan mixed=tan 混合语=tan 混合語=tan 混合语言=tan 混合語言=tan deepskyblue=deepskyblue 天蓝=deepskyblue Na-Dene=deepskyblue Na-Dené=deepskyblue 纳-德内语系=deepskyblue 納-德內語系=deepskyblue orange=orange 橙=orange Niger-Congo=orange 尼日尔-刚果语系=orange 尼日爾-剛果語系=orange 尼日-剛果語系=orange 尼日尔-科尔多凡语系=orange 尼日爾-科爾多凡語系=orange 尼日-科爾多凡語系=orange gold=gold 金=gold Nilo-Saharan=gold 尼罗-撒哈拉语系=gold 尼羅-撒哈拉語系=gold Palaeosiberian=darkseagreen Palaeo-Siberian=darkseagreen Palaeo-siberian=darkseagreen Paleosiberian=darkseagreen Paleo-Siberian=darkseagreen Paleo-siberian=darkseagreen 古西伯利亚语言=darkseagreen 古西伯利亞語言=darkseagreen violet=#fd79da 紫罗兰=#fd79da Papuan=#fd79da 巴布亚新几内亚语言=#fd79da 巴布亞新幾內亞語言=#fd79da 巴布亞紐幾內亞語言=#fd79da Pidgin=tan pidgin=tan 皮钦语=tan 皮欽語=tan silver=silver 银=silver Sign=silver sign=silver sign language=silver 手语=silver 手語=silver lightgreen=lightgreen 浅绿=lightgreen Sino-Tibetan=tomato 汉藏语系=tomato 漢藏語系=tomato lavender=lavender 淡紫=lavender Tai-Kadai=lavender 壮侗语系=lavender 壯侗語系=lavender limegreen=limegreen Uralic=limegreen 乌拉尔语系=limegreen 烏拉爾語系=limegreen

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New Britain

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New Britain

New Britain
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colspan="3" style="color: {{#if: 
   {{#ifeq:stringblack|string{{{2}}}|1}}
white black}}; background-color: {{#if: silver {{#if: black {{#switchapuan white=white 白=white default=white Default=white yellow=yellow 黄=yellow Afro-Asiatic=yellow Afro-asiatic=yellow 亚非语系=yellow 亞非語系=yellow 闪含语系=yellow 閃含語系=yellow yellowgreen=yellowgreen 黄绿=yellowgreen Altaic=yellowgreen 阿尔泰语系=yellowgreen 阿爾泰語系=yellowgreen lightblue=lightblue 浅蓝=lightblue American=lightblue 美洲土著语言=lightblue 美洲土著語言=lightblue orchid=#eba9ee 淡紫=#eba9ee Australian=#eba9ee 南方语系=#eba9ee 南方語系=#eba9ee lightcoral=lightcoral Austroasiatic=lightcoral Austro-Asiatic=lightcoral Austro-asiatic=lightcoral 南亚语系=lightcoral 南亞語系=lightcoral tomato=pink Austronesian=pink 南岛语系=pink 南島語系=pink Caucasian=lightgreen 高加索语系=lightgreen 高加索語系=lightgreen pink=tomato 粉=tomato black=black 黑=black Conlang=black conlang=black constructed language=black 人工语言=black 人工語言=black 人造语言=black 人造語言=black Creole=tan creole=tan 克里奥尔语=tan 克里奧爾語=tan 混合语=tan 混合語=tan mediumspringgreen=mediumspringgreen Dravidian=mediumspringgreen 德拉维达语系=mediumspringgreen 德拉維達語系=mediumspringgreen 达罗毗荼语系=mediumspringgreen 達羅毗荼語系=mediumspringgreen lightcyan=lightcyan 淡青=lightcyan Eskimo-Aleut=lightcyan 爱斯基摩-阿留申语系=lightcyan 愛斯基摩-阿留申語系=lightcyan Hmong-Mien=#ff0033 苗瑶语系=#ff0033 苗瑶語系=#ff0033 lawngreen=lawngreen 草绿=lawngreen Indo-European=lawngreen 印欧语系=lawngreen 印歐語系=lawngreen #dddddd=#dddddd isolate=#dddddd language isolate=#dddddd Isolate=#dddddd 孤立语言=#dddddd 孤立語言=#dddddd 语系不明=#dddddd 語系不明=#dddddd goldenrod=goldenrod Khoisan=goldenrod 科依桑语系=goldenrod 科依桑語系=goldenrod Mixed=tan mixed=tan 混合语=tan 混合語=tan 混合语言=tan 混合語言=tan deepskyblue=deepskyblue 天蓝=deepskyblue Na-Dene=deepskyblue Na-Dené=deepskyblue 纳-德内语系=deepskyblue 納-德內語系=deepskyblue orange=orange 橙=orange Niger-Congo=orange 尼日尔-刚果语系=orange 尼日爾-剛果語系=orange 尼日-剛果語系=orange 尼日尔-科尔多凡语系=orange 尼日爾-科爾多凡語系=orange 尼日-科爾多凡語系=orange gold=gold 金=gold Nilo-Saharan=gold 尼罗-撒哈拉语系=gold 尼羅-撒哈拉語系=gold Palaeosiberian=darkseagreen Palaeo-Siberian=darkseagreen Palaeo-siberian=darkseagreen Paleosiberian=darkseagreen Paleo-Siberian=darkseagreen Paleo-siberian=darkseagreen 古西伯利亚语言=darkseagreen 古西伯利亞語言=darkseagreen violet=#fd79da 紫罗兰=#fd79da Papuan=#fd79da 巴布亚新几内亚语言=#fd79da 巴布亞新幾內亞語言=#fd79da 巴布亞紐幾內亞語言=#fd79da Pidgin=tan pidgin=tan 皮钦语=tan 皮欽語=tan silver=silver 银=silver Sign=silver sign=silver sign language=silver 手语=silver 手語=silver lightgreen=lightgreen 浅绿=lightgreen Sino-Tibetan=tomato 汉藏语系=tomato 漢藏語系=tomato lavender=lavender 淡紫=lavender Tai-Kadai=lavender 壮侗语系=lavender 壯侗語系=lavender limegreen=limegreen Uralic=limegreen 乌拉尔语系=limegreen 烏拉爾語系=limegreen

}}}}}};"|官方地位

作为官方语言的国家: 无
管理机构: 无官方机构}}}}
colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: 
{{#ifeq:stringblack|string{{{2}}}|1}}
white black}}; background-color: {{#if: black {{#if: silver {{#switchapuan white=white 白=white default=white Default=white yellow=yellow 黄=yellow Afro-Asiatic=yellow Afro-asiatic=yellow 亚非语系=yellow 亞非語系=yellow 闪含语系=yellow 閃含語系=yellow yellowgreen=yellowgreen 黄绿=yellowgreen Altaic=yellowgreen 阿尔泰语系=yellowgreen 阿爾泰語系=yellowgreen lightblue=lightblue 浅蓝=lightblue American=lightblue 美洲土著语言=lightblue 美洲土著語言=lightblue orchid=#eba9ee 淡紫=#eba9ee Australian=#eba9ee 南方语系=#eba9ee 南方語系=#eba9ee lightcoral=lightcoral Austroasiatic=lightcoral Austro-Asiatic=lightcoral Austro-asiatic=lightcoral 南亚语系=lightcoral 南亞語系=lightcoral tomato=pink Austronesian=pink 南岛语系=pink 南島語系=pink Caucasian=lightgreen 高加索语系=lightgreen 高加索語系=lightgreen pink=tomato 粉=tomato black=black 黑=black Conlang=black conlang=black constructed language=black 人工语言=black 人工語言=black 人造语言=black 人造語言=black Creole=tan creole=tan 克里奥尔语=tan 克里奧爾語=tan 混合语=tan 混合語=tan mediumspringgreen=mediumspringgreen Dravidian=mediumspringgreen 德拉维达语系=mediumspringgreen 德拉維達語系=mediumspringgreen 达罗毗荼语系=mediumspringgreen 達羅毗荼語系=mediumspringgreen lightcyan=lightcyan 淡青=lightcyan Eskimo-Aleut=lightcyan 爱斯基摩-阿留申语系=lightcyan 愛斯基摩-阿留申語系=lightcyan Hmong-Mien=#ff0033 苗瑶语系=#ff0033 苗瑶語系=#ff0033 lawngreen=lawngreen 草绿=lawngreen Indo-European=lawngreen 印欧语系=lawngreen 印歐語系=lawngreen #dddddd=#dddddd isolate=#dddddd language isolate=#dddddd Isolate=#dddddd 孤立语言=#dddddd 孤立語言=#dddddd 语系不明=#dddddd 語系不明=#dddddd goldenrod=goldenrod Khoisan=goldenrod 科依桑语系=goldenrod 科依桑語系=goldenrod Mixed=tan mixed=tan 混合语=tan 混合語=tan 混合语言=tan 混合語言=tan deepskyblue=deepskyblue 天蓝=deepskyblue Na-Dene=deepskyblue Na-Dené=deepskyblue 纳-德内语系=deepskyblue 納-德內語系=deepskyblue orange=orange 橙=orange Niger-Congo=orange 尼日尔-刚果语系=orange 尼日爾-剛果語系=orange 尼日-剛果語系=orange 尼日尔-科尔多凡语系=orange 尼日爾-科爾多凡語系=orange 尼日-科爾多凡語系=orange gold=gold 金=gold Nilo-Saharan=gold 尼罗-撒哈拉语系=gold 尼羅-撒哈拉語系=gold Palaeosiberian=darkseagreen Palaeo-Siberian=darkseagreen Palaeo-siberian=darkseagreen Paleosiberian=darkseagreen Paleo-Siberian=darkseagreen Paleo-siberian=darkseagreen 古西伯利亚语言=darkseagreen 古西伯利亞語言=darkseagreen violet=#fd79da 紫罗兰=#fd79da Papuan=#fd79da 巴布亚新几内亚语言=#fd79da 巴布亞新幾內亞語言=#fd79da 巴布亞紐幾內亞語言=#fd79da Pidgin=tan pidgin=tan 皮钦语=tan 皮欽語=tan silver=silver 银=silver Sign=silver sign=silver sign language=silver 手语=silver 手語=silver lightgreen=lightgreen 浅绿=lightgreen Sino-Tibetan=tomato 汉藏语系=tomato 漢藏語系=tomato lavender=lavender 淡紫=lavender Tai-Kadai=lavender 壮侗语系=lavender 壯侗語系=lavender limegreen=limegreen Uralic=limegreen 乌拉尔语系=limegreen 烏拉爾語系=limegreen

}}}}}};" |语言代码

ISO 639-1: {{#if: {{{iso1}}} 无}}
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The Anêm language is a language isolate spoken in five main villages along the northwestern coast of New Britain island, Papua New Guinea: Malasoŋo (where it is spoken alongside Bariai), Karaiai, Mosiliki, Pudêlîŋ, Atiatu (where it is spoken alongside Lusi) and Bolo (where it is spoken alongside a version of Aria). It is also spoken by small numbers of people, mostly of Anêm descent, scattered among the surrounding villages. There are two main dialects. Akiblîk, the dialect of Bolo was near functional extinction in 1982, the youngest speaker being about 35 years of age then. The main dialect is spoken in the other villages named above. There are about 550 speakers.

Anêm is an accusative language with unmarked subject-verb-object word order in plain statements. Yes/no questions are indicated with an intonation contour rather than alterations in word order. Negation (not, not yet, don't) and completive aspect (already) are indicated by modality markers which occur in clause-final position. Tense is not indicated directly. There are three distinctions of mood (realis, irrealis and hortative). Realis refers to something that has happened or is happening; irrealis refers to future tense and hypotheticals; and hortative (only in third persons) is used in commands.

  • Transitive clauses showing subject-verb-object order: 
Tita-nae  u-b-î               aba niak.
father-my realis.he-kill-them pig two
'My father killed two pigs.'

Aia-nae   i-sama-dî          uas.
mother-my realis.she-seek-it tobacco
'My mother is looking for some tobacco.'
  • Negative markers are clause final: 
U-k          a-xî  nan?
realis.he-go to-it garden
'Did he go to the garden?'

U-k          a-xî  nan    mantu.
realis.he-go to-it garden not
'He didn't go to the garden.'

U-k          a-xî  nan    pmaga.
realis.he-go to-it garden not.yet
'He hasn't gone to the garden yet.'

Na-k          a-xî  nan    êbêl.
realis.you-go to-it garden don't
'Don't go to the garden.'
  • Hortative mood: 
o-k             a-xî  nan!
hortative.he-go to-it garden
%26quot;Let him go to the garden!'

Anêm nouns are distinguished syntactically for gender, masculine or feminine. Masculine nouns are followed by demonstratives or relative pronouns that begin with /l/ while feminine nouns are followed by demonstratives or relative pronouns that begin with /s/. In addition, both subject prefixes and some object suffixes agree in gender with the noun they refer to:

  • Masculine and feminine gender forms of demonstratives: 
Doxa   lê    u-ko-lo.
person the.m realis.he-see-him
'The man saw him.'

Doxa   sê    i-ko-lo.
person the.f realis.she-see-him.
'The woman saw him.'
  • Gender agreement by subject prefix and object suffix: 
Onu    lê    i-kê-lêm.
people the.m realis.they-see-her.
'The people saw her.'

It may be related to the Ata and Yélî Dnye isolates in a tentative Yele-West New Britain family.

Further information

  • East Papuan languages
  • Ethnologue report on Anêm

References

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